淺談綠色建筑設計中可再生能源的利用

來源：建科 瀏覽：- 發布(bu)日期：2022-07-08 09:39:18

綠色建筑設計人員應(ying)(ying)該充分了(le)解項目的能源需求(qiu)特點，結合當地區域能源結構形式及利用(yong)條(tiao)件(jian)，恰當選擇適宜合理的技術手段，促使(shi)相應(ying)(ying)可再生能源可以被充分運用(yong)到綠色建筑中(zhong)，由此發揮最優(you)價值。

1、太陽能的應用(yong)

綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)常見，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)為最普(pu)遍的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源，在(zai)(zai)(zai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)確(que)實發揮出了(le)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)價值，可(ke)(ke)供(gong)選擇的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)樣(yang)也越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多，成(cheng)為當(dang)前(qian)不容忽視的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)類型，結合(he)當(dang)前(qian)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)來(lai)看，主要有以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾種(zhong)被動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，需(xu)要首(shou)先(xian)關注于被動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。這(zhe)也是(shi)優(you)(you)化(hua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該關注的(de)(de)核(he)心任務(wu)，要求(qiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)合(he)理(li)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局以(yi)(yi)及(ji)朝向的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，促(cu)(cu)使太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)充分作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。由此(ci)更(geng)好(hao)提升其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)價值，真正達到(dao)一(yi)勞永逸的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，基(ji)于這(zhe)種(zhong)被動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)看，其(qi)最為核(he)心的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)就是(shi)實現(xian)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)采(cai)光以(yi)(yi)及(ji)遮陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)效(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)優(you)(you)化(hua)。要求(qiu)根據(ju)當(dang)地光照狀況，合(he)理(li)設(she)(she)(she)置綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)門窗(chuang)結構(gou)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)開設(she)(she)(she)角度，促(cu)(cu)使其(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)后續長(chang)期(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)形成(cheng)最優(you)(you)采(cai)光效(xiao)果(guo)。由此(ci)更(geng)好(hao)地提升綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)對(dui)于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)被動(dong)(dong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果(guo)。當(dang)然(ran)為了(le)更(geng)好(hao)優(you)(you)化(hua)這(zhe)一(yi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果(guo)，往(wang)往(wang)還(huan)需(xu)要注重針對(dui)門窗(chuang)結構(gou)予以(yi)(yi)優(you)(you)化(hua)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)，以(yi)(yi)便促(cu)(cu)使相應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)門窗(chuang)結構(gou)具備可(ke)(ke)調控特點，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)結合(he)后續實際應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)狀況最優(you)(you)化(hua)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)進行(xing)采(cai)光或者遮陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)板，在(zai)(zai)(zai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)充分借助于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)板。由此(ci)形成(cheng)較為理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)效(xiao)果(guo)，促(cu)(cu)使太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)更(geng)大范圍內服(fu)(fu)務(wu)于綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。由此(ci)產生的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)確(que)實可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)發揮出較強(qiang)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)價值，緩(huan)解了(le)原有建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)較高用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)壓力，這(zhe)也就需(xu)要在(zai)(zai)(zai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)合(he)理(li)布(bu)設(she)(she)(she)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)板。以(yi)(yi)便促(cu)(cu)使其(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)更(geng)好(hao)實現(xian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)接(jie)收，并且將(jiang)其(qi)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)。當(dang)然(ran)為了(le)促(cu)(cu)使由此(ci)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)更(geng)好(hao)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)于綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，往(wang)往(wang)還(huan)需(xu)要借助于逆變(bian)器進行(xing)電(dian)流類型的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，最終形成(cheng)較為理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)供(gong)電(dian)系統。

2、風能的應用

綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑設計中(zhong)充分(fen)運用(yong)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)同(tong)樣不容忽視，借(jie)助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)以實(shi)(shi)現(xian)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗損失問題的(de)(de)控制(zhi)。同(tong)時(shi)，還有助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)營造出(chu)較為理想(xiang)的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑室(shi)內空間，符合綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑應用(yong)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。在綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑中(zhong)應用(yong)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)，最(zui)為關鍵的(de)(de)舉措就是(shi)自(zi)然通(tong)風，借(jie)助(zhu)于(yu)(yu)自(zi)然通(tong)風可(ke)以有效實(shi)(shi)現(xian)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑室(shi)內空氣(qi)的(de)(de)充分(fen)流通(tong)。進而在優化室(shi)內空氣(qi)循環的(de)(de)基礎上，確保綠(lv)(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑具備更(geng)為理想(xiang)的(de)(de)居住品質。

3、地熱能的(de)應用(yong)

首(shou)先應(ying)該注重(zhong)(zhong)調(diao)查了解綠(lv)色建(jian)筑(zhu)所處區域(yu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)分(fen)布狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，我國(guo)并(bing)非所有(you)區域(yu)都存(cun)在(zai)(zai)豐富的(de)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)。如此也就在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著較(jiao)為明顯(xian)的(de)局限性(xing)。但是(shi)如果(guo)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)相對(dui)較(jiao)為充分(fen)，則可以(yi)發揮出較(jiao)強的(de)優(you)(you)化效果(guo)。尤其是(shi)在(zai)(zai)暖通(tong)系統(tong)的(de)改(gai)良上，更是(shi)發揮著重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)作用(yong)。基于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)綠(lv)色建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)來看，地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)源泵(beng)的(de)使用(yong)是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)之重(zhong)(zhong)。地(di)(di)(di)源熱(re)泵(beng)在(zai)(zai)當前實際應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)包括水，水型(xing)(xing)以(yi)及(ji)土、氣型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)種基本方式，可以(yi)較(jiao)好實現對(dui)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)的(de)充分(fen)運用(yong)。要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)結合綠(lv)色建(jian)筑(zhu)所處區域(yu)以(yi)及(ji)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)的(de)分(fen)布狀(zhuang)況(kuang)予以(yi)優(you)(you)化選擇以(yi)求(qiu)(qiu)達到最優(you)(you)節(jie)能(neng)效益。在(zai)(zai)綠(lv)色建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)時，地(di)(di)(di)源熱(re)泵(beng)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)需要(yao)恰當融入整個冷暖調(diao)控(kong)系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)。