工業建筑節能設計的對策

來源(yuan)：建科 瀏覽：- 發布日期：2022-07-07 09:27:31

工業建筑的設計在一定程度上關系到企業的生產效率、管理質量等，隨著我們國家工業化發展速度的不斷提高，工業建筑工程的規模也不斷增大，全新的工業園區對工業建筑也有著嚴格的要求和規定，如果設計不夠節能就會增加企業的能耗和運行費用。考慮工業建筑的復雜與特殊性，只有高度重視工業建筑的優化設計工作，研究工業建筑設計的優化(hua)對策，制(zhi)定優化(hua)設計(ji)方(fang)案，不斷降低工業建(jian)筑的能(neng)源消耗，才能(neng)達到節約(yue)成(cheng)本和(he)減少能(neng)耗，不斷促進工業建(jian)筑企業更好發展(zhan)的目的。

1、建筑布局(ju)及選址節能(neng)設計(ji)

工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局及選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)是影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)因素，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)部環境以(yi)(yi)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)耗能(neng)(neng)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多少也(ye)由其(qi)決定(ding)，影響(xiang)著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源消耗，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期要(yao)(yao)勘查(cha)當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)環境、氣(qi)候條(tiao)件和(he)地理特(te)點等，做(zuo)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)局和(he)選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。一(yi)(yi)是應(ying)充分地了解建(jian)(jian)設地段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地質外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)貌、自(zi)然(ran)環境、氣(qi)候類(lei)型以(yi)(yi)及水文特(te)點，一(yi)(yi)切(qie)從實際出發(fa)，使(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)方(fang)案與能(neng)(neng)耗節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)緊密聯(lian)系在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起，科(ke)學、合理地選(xuan)(xuan)址(zhi)，這(zhe)也(ye)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)(yao)步(bu)驟。二是剖(pou)析(xi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)和(he)空(kong)間(jian)結構，科(ke)學驗算建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)果。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)部周圍大氣(qi)和(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表面(mian)(mian)接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積為外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)接觸面(mian)(mian)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)接觸面(mian)(mian)與其(qi)包圍環繞形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)空(kong)間(jian)體積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比值(zhi)，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體形(xing)(xing)系數(shu)。體形(xing)(xing)系數(shu)越(yue)小，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)與外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)部環境進行能(neng)(neng)量交換的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積就少，單(dan)位時間(jian)能(neng)(neng)源耗散相應(ying)較小，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局在(zai)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)果方(fang)面(mian)(mian)就越(yue)合理。因此，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)設計過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)盡量降低其(qi)體形(xing)(xing)系數(shu)并使(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)各(ge)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)求得到完善，是實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)點。

2、通風節能設計

工(gong)業(ye)建筑(zhu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)設計(ji)一是應合(he)理(li)地使(shi)用空(kong)(kong)氣流動引起的(de)(de)(de)氣壓和(he)(he)溫度(du)(du)差，從而(er)(er)更好(hao)地實現(xian)建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)；二是在規劃建筑(zhu)高度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)時候，如果建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)高度(du)(du)不(bu)一樣，需要錯(cuo)列(lie)進行排列(lie)，從而(er)(er)更好(hao)地實現(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)順(shun)暢；三(san)是工(gong)業(ye)建筑(zhu)要結合(he)所在地區的(de)(de)(de)氣候情況做好(hao)綜合(he)分析和(he)(he)運(yun)算，依照不(bu)同(tong)季節(jie)(jie)、風(feng)(feng)向以及(ji)風(feng)(feng)量，合(he)理(li)地使(shi)用信息技術(shu)和(he)(he)手(shou)段，監測室外通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)參數，更好(hao)地調節(jie)(jie)建筑(zhu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)置，有(you)效地控制工(gong)業(ye)建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣交換次數和(he)(he)交換量。四是工(gong)業(ye)建筑(zhu)設計(ji)時要依照居住建筑(zhu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)設計(ji)標(biao)準中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)相關參數，如果建筑(zhu)物(wu)結構(gou)比較復(fu)雜(za)，那么就要使(shi)用機械通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，并輔之以自(zi)然風(feng)(feng)，這兩種(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)配合(he)就可以更好(hao)地達成節(jie)(jie)能(neng)降耗的(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。

3、采光節能(neng)設計(ji)

工業建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)采光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)在建(jian)筑節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)設(she)計(ji)中也是十分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)，如(ru)果樓(lou)棟間距呈(cheng)現出不合(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)態(tai)勢，將(jiang)嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)建(jian)筑室內的(de)(de)(de)采光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)效果。隨(sui)著各(ge)種新型技術的(de)(de)(de)推廣和(he)使用(yong)，不僅要(yao)保證樓(lou)道(dao)間的(de)(de)(de)距離，還要(yao)結合(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)反射原理(li)(li)，有序地開(kai)展節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)設(she)計(ji)。采光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)設(she)計(ji)時，一是提升自然光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)效率，建(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)時候要(yao)考慮(lv)室內的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮程度，合(he)理(li)(li)地增(zeng)設(she)室內的(de)(de)(de)反射光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)板結構(gou)(gou)，重(zhong)復利用(yong)自然光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，減少(shao)照(zhao)明(ming)和(he)采光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)浪費；二是建(jian)筑結構(gou)(gou)可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)加過堂結構(gou)(gou)，提升自然光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)覆蓋面積(ji)，從而更好(hao)地運(yun)用(yong)自然光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)；三是落(luo)實開(kai)源節(jie)(jie)(jie)流的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)念，充分(fen)地運(yun)用(yong)太(tai)陽能(neng)等綠色能(neng)源。例如(ru)使用(yong)太(tai)陽能(neng)來(lai)進(jin)行長(chang)廊路燈等戶外(wai)建(jian)筑照(zhao)明(ming)，使用(yong)太(tai)陽能(neng)板來(lai)運(yun)行照(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)統，將(jiang)更好(hao)地減少(shao)建(jian)筑能(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)消耗。

4、保溫節能(neng)設計

工業(ye)建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)規模越來越大，能(neng)(neng)源消耗也越來越大，特(te)別是冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)供暖之后(hou)，能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)消耗就很明顯(xian)，節能(neng)(neng)設(she)計(ji)也體(ti)現在冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)結(jie)構(gou)中，例(li)如外墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)，屋面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)等。外墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)需要借助(zhu)有關的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)節能(neng)(neng)材料(liao)，具體(ti)分為巖(yan)棉板(ban)(ban)(ban)、聚苯(ben)乙烯泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)塑(su)料(liao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、聚苯(ben)乙烯擠塑(su)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)硬質(zhi)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)聚氨酯(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)等，外墻(qiang)(qiang)保(bao)(bao)暖節能(neng)(neng)設(she)計(ji)主要分為內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)外墻(qiang)(qiang)兩種形式，外墻(qiang)(qiang)采用蒸(zheng)壓(ya)加(jia)氣混(hun)凝土(tu)砌塊(kuai)與硬質(zhi)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)聚氨酯(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)進(jin)行施工，能(neng)(neng)夠有效(xiao)實現節能(neng)(neng)目(mu)的(de)(de)，內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)采用硬質(zhi)泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)聚氨酯(zhi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)燒結(jie)煤矸石多(duo)孔磚的(de)(de)融(rong)合，節能(neng)(neng)和(he)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)效(xiao)果更好。屋面(mian)(mian)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)節能(neng)(neng)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原材料(liao)有泡(pao)沫(mo)(mo)(mo)玻(bo)璃板(ban)(ban)(ban)、蒸(zheng)壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)、憎水膨脹珍珠巖(yan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)等，以上(shang)材料(liao)通過(guo)實現對屋面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)處理，可以有效(xiao)實現工業(ye)建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)節能(neng)(neng)。

5、智能建(jian)筑節能設計(ji)

智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)節能(neng)是(shi)全世界流行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)大潮流和發展的(de)(de)(de)大趨(qu)勢，從(cong)可(ke)(ke)持續發展的(de)(de)(de)角度看(kan)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)節能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)重點在于提高(gao)(gao)能(neng)量利(li)用(yong)效率，因(yin)此，不管是(shi)制(zhi)定建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)節能(neng)標準或是(shi)進行(xing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)項目的(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)，都應立足于提高(gao)(gao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量利(li)用(yong)效率。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)著眼于提高(gao)(gao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)能(neng)量利(li)用(yong)效率而進行(xing)創新實(shi)踐(jian)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)在實(shi)現高(gao)(gao)度現代(dai)化(hua)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率高(gao)(gao)、高(gao)(gao)度舒適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)減少工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源消(xiao)(xiao)耗，實(shi)現降低工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)營運成本和生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成本的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)創造出一(yi)個集效率、舒適(shi)、節能(neng)于一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)人性(xing)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)環境(jing)，主要有智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)照明控(kong)制(zhi)與(yu)管理系(xi)統、空調系(xi)統檢測和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統、給排水消(xiao)(xiao)防和工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)再(zai)生(sheng)水檢測與(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統、工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)與(yu)運輸系(xi)統智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統等等。