BIM技術在工業建筑中的應用

來源：建科 瀏覽：- 發布(bu)日期：2025-04-15 09:38:14

1、建立建筑模型

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)作(zuo)是設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案最直接的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)現，是設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)師設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)構思的(de)(de)(de)信息內(nei)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)物模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)作(zuo)非常重要(yao)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)也將決(jue)定建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)質量。三維模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)軟件(jian)雖然(ran)可以(yi)與(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)交互，但(dan)不能(neng)準確(que)地展示大量的(de)(de)(de)信息內(nei)容(rong)(rong)，缺乏(fa)實(shi)用價值。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)作(zuo)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)規(gui)(gui)劃設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)，在保證基本牢固性后，融入(ru)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)理念，對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)空(kong)間進(jin)行(xing)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)分(fen)析和(he)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，確(que)保建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)作(zuo)與(yu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)(hua)、合(he)(he)理化(hua)(hua)。工(gong)業建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)一般規(gui)(gui)模(mo)、體(ti)量較大以(yi)及其工(gong)藝流程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)特殊性，因此在設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)時，要(yao)綜合(he)(he)傳(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)規(gui)(gui)劃設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)不足，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)參(can)數化(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)實(shi)體(ti)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，對(dui)相關信息進(jin)行(xing)智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)解決(jue)，在設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)階(jie)段明確(que)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理性，使設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方案得(de)到優化(hua)(hua)和(he)完善，減少設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)及施工(gong)成(cheng)本。

2、圖紙設計

1）利用BIM技術進(jin)行設(she)計(ji)圖紙管理，一般分為五(wu)個階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，一是(shi)(shi)(shi)土建(jian)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，該階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)主(zhu)(zhu)要以(yi)土建(jian)工程為主(zhu)(zhu)，并以(yi)安(an)裝模(mo)型進(jin)行設(she)計(ji)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)模(mo)型修改階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，在(zai)模(mo)型修改階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)中(zhong)也包含了(le)模(mo)型的審(shen)核(he)工序；三是(shi)(shi)(shi)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，在(zai)該階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)中(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要依據項目要求以(yi)及(ji)圖紙設(she)計(ji)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)進(jin)行碰(peng)撞(zhuang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試，在(zai)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試后可(ke)按照碰(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)結果，合(he)理進(jin)行撰寫以(yi)及(ji)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)檢(jian)(jian)查；四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)優化階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，在(zai)優化階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)中(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)將碰(peng)撞(zhuang)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)進(jin)行完(wan)善，并合(he)理優化，確保后續內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)符合(he)項目要求；五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)重復(fu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，在(zai)完(wan)成上(shang)述四(si)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后應重復(fu)以(yi)上(shang)階(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，直(zhi)到碰(peng)撞(zhuang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試無碰(peng)撞(zhuang)為止。

2）在(zai)(zai)(zai)圖紙設(she)計階段管(guan)理(li)時(shi)，應以綜合管(guan)線、綜合結構等內(nei)容進(jin)(jin)行(xing)管(guan)理(li)，并(bing)依據BIM技術內(nei)部(bu)模(mo)型(xing)構造，以碰(peng)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)檢(jian)查(cha)偵測出設(she)計中存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤問題，并(bing)及(ji)時(shi)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)(jin)，以此(ci)避免在(zai)(zai)(zai)施工(gong)中出現(xian)設(she)計圖紙不合理(li)的(de)(de)現(xian)象，提升(sheng)施工(gong)效率。例(li)如在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)BIM碰(peng)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)檢(jian)測時(shi)，應合理(li)利用BIM模(mo)型(xing)，實現(xian)關聯(lian)信息的(de)(de)聯(lian)動與更改(gai)(gai)，并(bing)依據模(mo)型(xing)設(she)置出合理(li)的(de)(de)三維模(mo)型(xing)，進(jin)(jin)而將碰(peng)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)檢(jian)測更為立體(ti)、形象，并(bing)要求設(she)計人員從碰(peng)撞(zhuang)(zhuang)檢(jian)測中及(ji)時(shi)發現(xian)問題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整改(gai)(gai)。

3）BIM技術應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)實(shi)際設(she)(she)計(ji)中，可提高Revit的(de)使用(yong)效率，使其能夠等同于(yu)CAD或其他軟(ruan)件，有效提高建筑(zhu)工程的(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)水平(ping)，完善對建筑(zhu)工程各(ge)個階段的(de)精確把控。

3、碰撞檢查

傳統二維(wei)設(she)(she)計圖紙的(de)可讀(du)性較(jiao)弱，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術人員難以(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)分(fen)(fen)析是(shi)否(fou)具有碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)問題(ti)(ti)，此時(shi)可借助BIM技術組織碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)。檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)工(gong)業建筑暖通、水電管(guan)線(xian)布設(she)(she)情況(kuang)(kuang)，運用BIM軟(ruan)(ruan)件構(gou)建管(guan)線(xian)模(mo)型，以(yi)此直(zhi)(zhi)接觀(guan)察(cha)是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在管(guan)線(xian)沖突。此外(wai)，還可直(zhi)(zhi)接應用BIM軟(ruan)(ruan)件模(mo)擬管(guan)線(xian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程，通過(guo)動態化模(mo)擬過(guo)程進(jin)行管(guan)線(xian)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)測。除管(guan)線(xian)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)外(wai)，還可通過(guo)BIM軟(ruan)(ruan)件模(mo)型分(fen)(fen)析管(guan)線(xian)預埋、預留(liu)情況(kuang)(kuang)，并可分(fen)(fen)析各結構(gou)的(de)安裝角度，同(tong)時(shi)還可設(she)(she)置(zhi)各類傳感器，將傳感器終(zhong)端與BIM軟(ruan)(ruan)件連接，將實(shi)際數據信息直(zhi)(zhi)接上(shang)傳至BIM系統內，用于直(zhi)(zhi)接分(fen)(fen)析施(shi)(shi)工(gong)參數的(de)合理性。BIM技術能夠實(shi)現(xian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)計的(de)可視化呈現(xian)，使(shi)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)問題(ti)(ti)可直(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)呈現(xian)出來，從而避(bi)免(mian)工(gong)業建筑工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)過(guo)程中的(de)碰(peng)(peng)撞(zhuang)質(zhi)量隱患，確保(bao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)業可順(shun)利(li)進(jin)行。

4、可視化交底

在(zai)實(shi)際應用(yong)期間(jian)，根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業建筑(zhu)設計情(qing)況(kuang)搭建BIM三(san)(san)維模型，按照BIM三(san)(san)維模型制作動(dong)(dong)畫視(shi)頻(pin)，在(zai)LED屏幕幫助(zhu)下進行技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)三(san)(san)維可視(shi)化交(jiao)(jiao)底。為保(bao)障技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底效果，在(zai)可視(shi)化交(jiao)(jiao)底之前，需總體規(gui)劃(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底內容，編制交(jiao)(jiao)底文案(an)，結合(he)實(shi)際情(qing)況(kuang)搭建工(gong)(gong)(gong)業建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)模型，并制作動(dong)(dong)畫視(shi)頻(pin)，合(he)成(cheng)文案(an)錄(lu)音與動(dong)(dong)畫視(shi)頻(pin)，經專業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)員復驗后，即可作為交(jiao)(jiao)底文件。在(zai)可視(shi)化技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底期間(jian)，可將(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案(an)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度、安全目(mu)(mu)標(biao)、綠色目(mu)(mu)標(biao)、質量要求更為直觀地呈現給施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員，同時(shi)還可在(zai)BIM技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)軟件幫助(zhu)下仿真模擬施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場，增強施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員綜合(he)感知，以此提高技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底效果，為工(gong)(gong)(gong)業建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)(mu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作業的穩定推進奠定基礎。

5、后期質量控制

BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能(neng)全面(mian)(mian)收集、整(zheng)理建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)項目中(zhong)各項零散、瑣(suo)碎的(de)信息(xi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)，可以為技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員提(ti)供完整(zheng)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)分析(xi)依據(ju)(ju)，為工(gong)程(cheng)后期制(zhi)定制(zhi)度及決(jue)策提(ti)供重要參考(kao)。如(ru)果項目管(guan)理人(ren)員能(neng)合理利用(yong)(yong)信息(xi)處理工(gong)具，可實(shi)現建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)多維度研究(jiu)(jiu)，進而及時預測、評估工(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)可能(neng)存(cun)在的(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)問題(ti)(ti)，并通(tong)過分析(xi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)探(tan)究(jiu)(jiu)建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)出(chu)現質量(liang)(liang)(liang)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因，及時構(gou)建(jian)出(chu)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)預案和問題(ti)(ti)解決(jue)方案，經過整(zheng)個過程(cheng)可以幫助技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人(ren)員積累經驗。實(shi)施過程(cheng)中(zhong)，可利用(yong)(yong)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)采集建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)項目設計(ji)中(zhong)各類變(bian)更數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)、工(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)以及質量(liang)(liang)(liang)驗收記錄等信息(xi)，經過全面(mian)(mian)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)剖(pou)析(xi)可推斷出(chu)工(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理中(zhong)可能(neng)存(cun)在的(de)漏(lou)洞，探(tan)明原(yuan)(yuan)因并制(zhi)定具有針對性(xing)(xing)的(de)防范措施。除(chu)此(ci)之(zhi)外，利用(yong)(yong)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能(neng)直接將(jiang)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢測報告等文件進行(xing)統一提(ti)交，方便有關(guan)人(ren)員在審(shen)核過程(cheng)中(zhong)隨用(yong)(yong)隨調(diao)，有效避免傳統紙質文件傳遞的(de)瑣(suo)碎性(xing)(xing)及不(bu)便性(xing)(xing)。

6、進度控制

傳統的進(jin)度(du)控制方(fang)法大多(duo)(duo)是制定抽象的計(ji)劃，盡可(ke)能的優化施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)方(fang)案，然后通過人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)參與(yu)來書寫施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)日記。但是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)往往有(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)不(bu)同的因(yin)素(su)影響(xiang)，受(shou)干擾(rao)風險非常高(gao)，材料安(an)排不(bu)到位，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)足(zu)，這(zhe)些都會拖慢施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業建(jian)筑更是如此，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業建(jian)筑由于(yu)要滿足(zu)多(duo)(duo)種生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的需(xu)(xu)求，有(you)(you)很多(duo)(duo)特(te)殊工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，需(xu)(xu)要分包給不(bu)同的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)樣一來整(zheng)體進(jin)度(du)就(jiu)很難(nan)把(ba)控。BIM-5D能有(you)(you)效實(shi)時的進(jin)行進(jin)度(du)控制。用Revit/Archicad等(deng)軟件建(jian)置(zhi)BIM施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)型(xing)，再將模(mo)型(xing)及(ji)進(jin)度(du)計(ji)劃表導入(ru)到Navisworks/Synchro等(deng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)模(mo)擬(ni)軟件中，對多(duo)(duo)參與(yu)方(fang)、多(duo)(duo)專業的進(jin)度(du)計(ji)劃進(jin)行集成化管理，全面(mian)、動態地掌握(wo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)度(du)、資源需(xu)(xu)求以(yi)及(ji)供應商生(sheng)產及(ji)配送狀況，解決施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和資源配置(zhi)的沖突(tu)和矛盾，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)目標實(shi)現(xian)。

7、利用BIM進行虛擬裝配

隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)業建筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)逐步發(fa)(fa)展，很多建筑(zhu)(zhu)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠中(zhong)完成(cheng)。預(yu)制(zhi)構(gou)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)，很重要(yao)的(de)一部分就是(shi)標準化(hua)(hua)構(gou)建，而且能(neng)夠實現建筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)快速搭(da)建。如果運(yun)用BIM技術對復雜構(gou)件(jian)(jian)進(jin)行(xing)數字化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業在(zai)(zai)建造過程(cheng)中(zhong)則可以變(bian)得更加(jia)(jia)準確，更加(jia)(jia)經濟(ji)，更加(jia)(jia)安全。在(zai)(zai)現有的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)項目中(zhong)，構(gou)配(pei)(pei)(pei)件(jian)(jian)的(de)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)只能(neng)在(zai)(zai)現場(chang)進(jin)行(xing)，如果構(gou)配(pei)(pei)(pei)件(jian)(jian)的(de)設計(ji)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)問題(ti)，也(ye)只能(neng)在(zai)(zai)現場(chang)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)時(shi)才能(neng)發(fa)(fa)現，此時(shi)采(cai)取補(bu)救措施顯(xian)然(ran)會造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)滯(zhi)后(hou)。如果使用BIM技術進(jin)行(xing)虛(xu)擬裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)，則可以在(zai)(zai)設計(ji)的(de)BIM模(mo)型中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)構(gou)配(pei)(pei)(pei)件(jian)(jian)的(de)虛(xu)擬裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)過程(cheng)，從而提(ti)早(zao)發(fa)(fa)現制(zhi)造、運(yun)輸、安裝(zhuang)中(zhong)的(de)問題(ti)，并及時(shi)修改設計(ji)。發(fa)(fa)現問題(ti)及時(shi)補(bu)救，避免(mian)因設計(ji)問題(ti)造成(cheng)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)滯(zhi)后(hou)及材料浪(lang)費。