綠色環保、節能減排和低碳中和在建筑工程設計中的應用措施

來源：建科 瀏覽：- 發布(bu)日期：2023-01-29 10:15:07

將綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)理念融入建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)中，既能滿足人們的(de)(de)健康需求(qiu)，又能促進社會(hui)的(de)(de)可持(chi)續發(fa)展，從而達(da)到綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展目(mu)的(de)(de)。在建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)中還要強(qiang)化綠(lv)色(se)環保(bao)、節(jie)能減排、碳中和等(deng)先(xian)進技術的(de)(de)應(ying)用，為建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)可持(chi)續發(fa)展奠(dian)定基礎。

1、推(tui)進綠色低碳建造

一是(shi)加(jia)快推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)。大(da)力發(fa)展(zhan)裝配式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)公(gong)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)原則上采(cai)用(yong)鋼結構，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)鋼結構住宅。二是(shi)積極(ji)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)行綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)。實行工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設項目全生(sheng)命周期(qi)內的綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動智能建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)與建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)化(hua)協同(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)。三是(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)發(fa)展(zhan)。開展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)評價標(biao)識工作，加(jia)大(da)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)力度，鼓勵建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設項目優先使用(yong)獲得綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)評價標(biao)識的綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設一批綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)示范(fan)工程，探索“新(xin)(xin)型(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)+互聯網”新(xin)(xin)模式(shi)、新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態，構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)互聯新(xin)(xin)體系。四是(shi)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)減(jian)量化(hua)。積極(ji)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)依法治廢、源頭減(jian)量、資源利(li)(li)用(yong)的制度體系和完善的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)處置管理機制。推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)循環利(li)(li)用(yong)、就地消(xiao)納、填埋處理及外部運輸等(deng)處理方式(shi)。五是(shi)促(cu)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)資源化(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)。完善建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)資源化(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)標(biao)準規(gui)范(fan)，提高(gao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)資源綜合(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)率，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)資源利(li)(li)用(yong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)，加(jia)大(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)垃(la)(la)(la)圾(ji)再生(sheng)產(chan)品的多樣化(hua)。

2、綠色(se)屋(wu)面的(de)設計

設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)開(kai)展中(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是非常重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)部分(fen)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)相關(guan)人(ren)員針對實際情況(kuang)合理地進(jin)行(xing)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，確保屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)夠達(da)(da)到綠(lv)色節能(neng)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員根據不(bu)同類(lei)型建(jian)(jian)筑特點進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析，從而使得建(jian)(jian)筑屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)時(shi)候能(neng)夠達(da)(da)到實際要(yao)(yao)求。建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必不(bu)可少，對于綠(lv)色建(jian)(jian)筑而言，綠(lv)色屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)非常重要(yao)(yao)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員針對建(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)求科學合理地進(jin)行(xing)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，并在屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)應用(yong)相關(guan)材料和技術，保證屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)能(neng)達(da)(da)到節能(neng)環保的(de)(de)相關(guan)要(yao)(yao)求，促進(jin)落(luo)實建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)開(kai)展提供支(zhi)持。對于新時(shi)代發展中(zhong)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，傳統的(de)(de)技術材料已(yi)達(da)(da)不(bu)到實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，對高質量施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)有(you)不(bu)利(li)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員需(xu)不(bu)斷地優化創新，保證節能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)擁有(you)相應的(de)(de)技術作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)支(zhi)持。

3、節(jie)約建(jian)筑材(cai)料(liao)設計

在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)(she)計中(zhong)，節(jie)(jie)能理念(nian)是一項非常重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作，它對建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)業的(de)發展有著舉足輕重的(de)影(ying)響。在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)整體(ti)設(she)(she)(she)計中(zhong)，節(jie)(jie)能的(de)概念(nian)體(ti)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)以下(xia)方面：在(zai)(zai)(zai)綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)(she)計理念(nian)中(zhong)，明確地提到建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料的(de)節(jie)(jie)約。同時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)進行(xing)綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)(she)計時也應盡(jin)量做到節(jie)(jie)能，避免不必(bi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)材(cai)(cai)料浪費(fei)(fei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)進行(xing)綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑的(de)設(she)(she)(she)計時，應盡(jin)量降低(di)造價(jia)高昂的(de)建(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)。同時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)計中(zhong)可(ke)以大量使(shi)用(yong)新型的(de)環(huan)保材(cai)(cai)料，門窗、玻璃應選擇具有良好的(de)隔音、保暖和隔熱(re)效果的(de)產品，像是吸熱(re)玻璃、勻質板(ban)、巖(yan)棉板(ban)、石墨板(ban)等各(ge)種環(huan)保綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料。此外，除了(le)考慮在(zai)(zai)(zai)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)選擇上要(yao)(yao)(yao)考慮到環(huan)保問題，還(huan)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)做到節(jie)(jie)約材(cai)(cai)料，節(jie)(jie)約項目費(fei)(fei)用(yong)，繼而實現綠(lv)色(se)建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)(she)計的(de)目的(de)。

4、清潔綠(lv)色(se)能(neng)源環節的開(kai)發利用

伴隨著我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)技術水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提升(sheng)，清(qing)潔(jie)綠色能(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)現(xian)(xian)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設中也得到了更為廣(guang)泛(fan)地應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，從而提高了建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)綠色環保價值。基于(yu)此，新時(shi)期綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)規劃節能(neng)設計工(gong)作(zuo)中必須注(zhu)重清(qing)潔(jie)綠色能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)有效開(kai)(kai)發和利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，從而在(zai)實現(xian)(xian)節能(neng)降耗的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)提高建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)居住(zhu)質量。具(ju)體(ti)而言，清(qing)潔(jie)綠色能(neng)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主要體(ti)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)以下幾(ji)個方面：第(di)一、太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)資源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)目前(qian)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)供應方面，以及(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)共區(qu)域(yu)照明供電。第(di)二(er)、地熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)資源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)發利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。地熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供暖(nuan)，能(neng)夠降低(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采(cai)暖(nuan)季對煤電等資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。第(di)三(san)、雨水(shui)(shui)、廢水(shui)(shui)回(hui)收利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系統。通過利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)海綿城市理(li)論提高建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)蓄水(shui)(shui)能(neng)力，從而滿足綠植(zhi)生長需求(qiu)，而廢水(shui)(shui)回(hui)收利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系統也能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)綠植(zhi)澆水(shui)(shui)，由此實現(xian)(xian)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)節水(shui)(shui)效果(guo)。

5、立體綠(lv)化

綠(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)理念在住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用還(huan)應(ying)該高度關(guan)注(zhu)立(li)(li)體綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)，這也是增強住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)整體綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵手段(duan)，有助于(yu)營(ying)造出更為(wei)舒適健(jian)康且(qie)可持續的(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)項目(mu)。在立(li)(li)體綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)設計(ji)處(chu)理中，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)人員(yuan)應(ying)該重(zhong)點關(guan)注(zhu)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工程(cheng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戶外以及戶內(nei)等不(bu)同(tong)區域，以便更好(hao)實現(xian)對于(yu)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)化(hua)(hua)，促使相應(ying)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)植被能夠和所處(chu)區域較為(wei)協調(diao)，避免(mian)因為(wei)兩者的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖突問題，影響到最終綠(lv)(lv)色建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)理念的(de)(de)(de)(de)呈現(xian)效(xiao)(xiao)果。在對住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)戶外進行立(li)(li)體綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)時，首先(xian)應(ying)該重(zhong)點關(guan)注(zhu)于(yu)外部既(ji)有綠(lv)(lv)色植被的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)保(bao)護，避免(mian)因為(wei)住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設而出現(xian)較為(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞(huai)問題，力求體現(xian)出更強的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)保(bao)效(xiao)(xiao)益，推動住(zhu)(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)和周圍環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)協同(tong)發展。