建筑節能設計需注意的幾個方面

來(lai)源：建科(ke) 瀏覽：- 發布日期：2021-12-25 09:14:44

近年來(lai)，建筑節(jie)能設(she)計越來(lai)越受到重視，在(zai)具體的設(she)計過程中(zhong)，要注意哪(na)幾個方(fang)面呢？

1、選址

為了(le)確保建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設計中(zhong)，就要注意對建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)址(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行控(kong)制。如果實(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計中(zhong)，沒(mei)有做好選(xuan)址(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，就會(hui)給(gei)后續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)帶(dai)來影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，甚至可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本消(xiao)耗，進(jin)(jin)而給(gei)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設計帶(dai)來困擾，例如某建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)址(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)蔭蔽處，所以導(dao)致(zhi)區域(yu)采光(guang)效(xiao)果不佳，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設計中(zhong)，引入(ru)采光(guang)控(kong)制，并配合(he)(he)空(kong)調系統，提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本，而且在(zai)后續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)調系統基本處于(yu)一(yi)年四(si)季(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，有效(xiao)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)空(kong)調系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠(kao)性，從(cong)而會(hui)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)后續應用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源使(shi)用(yong)量增加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，進(jin)(jin)而影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力，同(tong)時，也不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本需求(qiu)。綜合(he)(he)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)情況，就要注意建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)址(zhi)控(kong)制，要結合(he)(he)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)，選(xuan)擇氣候條件比較合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置，從(cong)而保證建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠在(zai)后續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)中(zhong)，達(da)到冬暖夏涼(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺，降低空(kong)調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)頻率，有效(xiao)減少建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)消(xiao)耗，最(zui)終促進(jin)(jin)居民(min)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑和環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理(li)融(rong)合(he)(he)，推動建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，促進(jin)(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。

2、建筑保溫設計

為了降低冬季空(kong)調系統(tong)的(de)(de)使用頻率，需(xu)要給建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)做好保(bao)溫設(she)計(ji)(ji)，從而減少(shao)能(neng)源(yuan)消耗，提高建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)服務(wu)能(neng)力。實際設(she)計(ji)(ji)中，需(xu)要結合建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)需(xu)求，選擇適宜的(de)(de)外墻保(bao)溫材料，并(bing)將保(bao)溫材料設(she)計(ji)(ji)應用到建(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)中，確保(bao)保(bao)溫層的(de)(de)施工(gong)合理，降低安(an)全隱患和質量隱患，全面推動建(jian)筑的(de)(de)保(bao)溫能(neng)力提升，降低冬季空(kong)調系統(tong)的(de)(de)使用頻率，滿(man)足建(jian)筑居民日常生活的(de)(de)溫度需(xu)要。

3、 建筑(zhu)形體(ti)設(she)計，并控(kong)制日(ri)照間距

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形體(ti)設(she)計，有(you)助于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)采(cai)光調整，能(neng)(neng)夠提(ti)高(gao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)采(cai)光能(neng)(neng)力(li)，進而減(jian)少空(kong)調系統的(de)(de)使(shi)用頻率。一般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形體(ti)設(she)計，不僅要考慮(lv)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)本身的(de)(de)美觀性，還要考慮(lv)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)服務能(neng)(neng)力(li)及節(jie)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)平，同時融入區域居民熟悉(xi)的(de)(de)民族文化，進而確保建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)不僅能(neng)(neng)夠符合(he)居民的(de)(de)需求，還能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足節(jie)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)需求，有(you)效提(ti)升建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)服務能(neng)(neng)力(li)。另外，還需結合(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計的(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)(qing)況，對日照間距進行控制，因為(wei)日照間距的(de)(de)控制，有(you)助于降低建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)與(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)影響，提(ti)高(gao)采(cai)光的(de)(de)效果，從(cong)而保證建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)內部溫度適宜，滿(man)足生活需求。

4、建筑結構(gou)的節(jie)能(neng)設計

建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結構(gou)會(hui)造成一定的能(neng)源消(xiao)耗(hao)，如果(guo)不能(neng)合理地對(dui)(dui)結構(gou)進(jin)行(xing)設(she)計(ji)，就會(hui)影(ying)響建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結構(gou)的可靠性(xing)，甚至給節(jie)能(neng)帶來影(ying)響。所以在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)中，需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)(dui)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)能(neng)設(she)計(ji)進(jin)行(xing)控制，從(cong)而積極推動建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)的效(xiao)果(guo)。

1）合(he)理選擇(ze)建筑(zhu)(zhu)結構的(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)隔熱材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，結合(he)不(bu)同區域(yu)的(de)實際情況，合(he)理地(di)對建筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)進行選擇(ze)，例如在東北(bei)地(di)區，由于冬季氣溫(wen)(wen)相(xiang)對較(jiao)低(di)(di)，所以在選擇(ze)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)時(shi)，需要(yao)保(bao)(bao)證保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)具有較(jiao)好的(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)能力，從而降低(di)(di)冬季室溫(wen)(wen)減(jian)低(di)(di)速度過快(kuai)，減(jian)少(shao)空(kong)調(diao)的(de)使用頻率，滿足區域(yu)居民生活的(de)基本(ben)需求。

 2）建筑(zhu)結構的(de)(de)優化設計(ji)。結構也要(yao)結合區域環境選擇(ze)，如南方地區，因為氣(qi)溫(wen)相對較高，所在窗(chuang)戶(hu)的(de)(de)設計(ji)中，可(ke)以選擇(ze)的(de)(de)落(luo)(luo)地窗(chuang)，通過落(luo)(luo)地窗(chuang)的(de)(de)設計(ji)，可(ke)以有(you)效提高室(shi)內的(de)(de)通風能力，進而降低氣(qi)溫(wen)過高的(de)(de)情況，減少空調利用率。

3）在墻(qiang)體(ti)施工(gong)中(zhong)，為了保證墻(qiang)體(ti)的(de)保溫能(neng)力(li)，需要在設計中(zhong)，將(jiang)保溫材(cai)料納(na)入(ru)設計體(ti)系中(zhong)，從而，在施工(gong)設計階段，就能(neng)完成對保溫體(ti)系的(de)構建，積極推動建筑節能(neng)效果的(de)提升(sheng)。

5、照明系統優化(hua)

為了保(bao)證建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計的(de)合理(li)(li)性，降(jiang)低能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)耗，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計時(shi)(shi)，需要對(dui)照(zhao)明(ming)系統(tong)進行優化(hua)，從而(er)減少資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)浪費，確保(bao)照(zhao)明(ming)設(she)置(zhi)合理(li)(li)。建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計時(shi)(shi)，需要將照(zhao)明(ming)系統(tong)納(na)入(ru)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)體系中(zhong)，可以利(li)(li)用太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等，完成對(dui)照(zhao)明(ming)系統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)獲(huo)取，使用太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，可以在(zai)(zai)晴天(tian)獲(huo)取足(zu)夠照(zhao)明(ming)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，但(dan)是，當陰(yin)天(tian)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候，則由風(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)完成照(zhao)明(ming)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)獲(huo)取，從而(er)保(bao)證能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)合理(li)(li)利(li)(li)用。除此之外，為了降(jiang)低能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)耗，還要在(zai)(zai)樓(lou)道照(zhao)明(ming)中(zhong)，引入(ru)光控、聲控系統(tong)，確保(bao)在(zai)(zai)白天(tian)照(zhao)明(ming)系統(tong)不會(hui)工(gong)作(zuo)，而(er)在(zai)(zai)夜間，且有人經過時(shi)(shi)，照(zhao)明(ming)系統(tong)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)發揮作(zuo)用，從而(er)滿足(zu)建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計的(de)基本需求，達(da)到照(zhao)明(ming)的(de)作(zuo)用。

而在室(shi)內(nei)設(she)(she)計(ji)中，則要將調光開關加入照明(ming)系(xi)統中，居民可以根據自己(ji)的(de)需求(qiu)，完成對照度的(de)選擇(ze)，從而保證了(le)照明(ming)的(de)適(shi)應性，并且降低了(le)能(neng)源消耗問題。建筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)中，通過節能(neng)設(she)(she)計(ji)對照明(ming)系(xi)統進行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)，可以有效(xiao)降低能(neng)源浪費，并且能(neng)夠提升資源的(de)利用(yong)率，作用(yong)效(xiao)果十分(fen)顯著。

6、可再生能源的挖掘

為了提高建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程的(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，需要在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設計中，合(he)理(li)地對(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行選擇(ze)，從而(er)保證建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)服務能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)選擇(ze)中，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以對(dui)(dui)那(nei)些可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行利(li)用(yong)(yong)，從而(er)盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)地降低資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)浪費，滿足民用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)日(ri)常的(de)(de)基本能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)。如合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，通(tong)過太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電磁板，收(shou)集(ji)的(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，用(yong)(yong)于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)樓(lou)道內部的(de)(de)供電，同時(shi)(shi)還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以運用(yong)(yong)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)，從而(er)減少(shao)對(dui)(dui)電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，除此(ci)之外，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以對(dui)(dui)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進(jin)行利(li)用(yong)(yong)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)風力(li)發(fa)電，滿足建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消耗(hao)。對(dui)(dui)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消耗(hao)，需要結合(he)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)花園，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)循環(huan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，降低水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)消耗(hao)。同時(shi)(shi)，還(huan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有效減少(shao)對(dui)(dui)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)污(wu)染，積極(ji)推動建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程的(de)(de)健(jian)康發(fa)展。