結構專業施工圖審查常見問題及解決措施

來源(yuan)：建科 瀏覽：- 發布日(ri)期：2024-10-11 08:37:40

結構專業施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)是建設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)一(yi)環(huan)，它直接關系到工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)安全性(xing)、經濟性(xing)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)可(ke)行性(xing)。審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作要求審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)人員不(bu)僅(jin)要有精細的(de)專業知識(shi)，還要具(ju)備(bei)敏銳的(de)問(wen)題識(shi)別能力和職業精神。通過對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)的(de)細致審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)，可(ke)以及(ji)時發現并解決設計中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)問(wen)題，避免(mian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)風險。加(jia)強施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)，提高審(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)效率(lv)和準確性(xing)，對于提升(sheng)整個建筑行業的(de)水(shui)平具(ju)有重要意義。

1、結構專業施工圖審查常見問題

1）圖紙(zhi)完整性(xing)問題(ti)

在結構(gou)專業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)審查中，圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)完整(zheng)性(xing)問題(ti)是(shi)一個常見(jian)且(qie)關(guan)鍵的問題(ti)。這類(lei)問題(ti)通常表(biao)現為圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)缺失、信息不(bu)(bu)全面或不(bu)(bu)一致(zhi)。某些關(guan)鍵部位的詳圖(tu)(tu)可(ke)能未被包(bao)含，導致(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)無(wu)法(fa)準確理(li)解設計意圖(tu)(tu)；或者圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)中的標注、尺寸、材(cai)料(liao)規格等信息不(bu)(bu)完整(zheng)，使得施(shi)工(gong)(gong)難以進行。圖(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)之(zhi)間(jian)的協調性(xing)不(bu)(bu)足也是(shi)一個常見(jian)問題(ti)，如結構(gou)圖(tu)(tu)與建筑圖(tu)(tu)、機(ji)電(dian)圖(tu)(tu)之(zhi)間(jian)的沖突，可(ke)能導致(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場的混亂和返(fan)工(gong)(gong)。

2）設計規范遵守問題(ti)

設計規(gui)范遵(zun)守問(wen)題(ti)是結構(gou)專業(ye)(ye)施工(gong)圖審(shen)查中(zhong)的(de)(de)另(ling)一個常見問(wen)題(ti)。這通常涉及設計未能(neng)(neng)嚴格(ge)遵(zun)循國家和地方的(de)(de)相關規(gui)范、標準或(huo)行業(ye)(ye)最佳實踐。結構(gou)構(gou)件(jian)的(de)(de)尺寸、配筋、連接(jie)方式等可能(neng)(neng)未達到(dao)規(gui)范要求，或(huo)者設計中(zhong)忽(hu)略了某(mou)些必要的(de)(de)計算和驗算。這類問(wen)題(ti)可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)導致(zhi)結構(gou)的(de)(de)安全性能(neng)(neng)不達標，甚至引(yin)發嚴重的(de)(de)工(gong)程事故。

3）施工可(ke)行性問題

在結構專業(ye)施工(gong)(gong)圖審(shen)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，施工(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)行(xing)性問(wen)題是一個不(bu)容忽視的(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心議題。這(zhe)類問(wen)題往往源于設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案與現場施工(gong)(gong)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)脫(tuo)節(jie)，其后果可(ke)(ke)能(neng)對工(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)順利進行(xing)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)大影(ying)響。設(she)計(ji)階段可(ke)(ke)能(neng)采用了(le)高(gao)度(du)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝或(huo)特殊材料，這(zhe)些(xie)選擇(ze)并(bing)未(wei)充分考慮到(dao)施工(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)限制，設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)包(bao)含了(le)對技(ji)術(shu)要求極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)環(huan)節(jie)，例如大型構件的(de)(de)(de)(de)精確吊裝(zhuang)或(huo)在高(gao)風險環(huan)境下的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)，這(zhe)些(xie)都可(ke)(ke)能(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)施工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)障礙。這(zhe)些(xie)問(wen)題不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)能(neng)導致項目(mu)進度(du)延誤，還可(ke)(ke)能(neng)引(yin)發成(cheng)(cheng)本超支和工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量問(wen)題，嚴重(zhong)(zhong)時甚(shen)至(zhi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)威脅到(dao)施工(gong)(gong)安全。

2、結構專業施工圖審查常見問題的解決措施

1）圖紙完整性問題(ti)的解決措(cuo)施

設計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)建立(li)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)編制(zhi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)流程，確保(bao)每一(yi)項設計(ji)內容都(dou)有(you)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表達，并(bing)且圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之間(jian)相互協(xie)調一(yi)致。這包括明(ming)確圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)編號、版本控制(zhi)、更新記錄等，以(yi)(yi)便于管理和(he)(he)追蹤。審查人員在審查過(guo)程中(zhong)應(ying)采用系(xi)統化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，對照項目(mu)需求(qiu)和(he)(he)設計(ji)任(ren)務書(shu)，逐一(yi)核對圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)錄，確保(bao)所有(you)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)已編制(zhi)并(bing)提交審查。審查時應(ying)特別(bie)注意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細節，如(ru)尺寸(cun)標(biao)(biao)注、材料(liao)規(gui)格、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)說明(ming)等，確保(bao)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完整性(xing)和(he)(he)準(zhun)確性(xing)。加強設計(ji)團隊內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通和(he)(he)協(xie)調也是關鍵。設計(ji)團隊應(ying)定期召(zhao)開(kai)會議，討(tao)論圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)編制(zhi)情況，及時解(jie)(jie)決(jue)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)編制(zhi)過(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。設計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)與施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)保(bao)持密切溝通，了解(jie)(jie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)現場的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際需求(qiu)，確保(bao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內容符合施(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件。利用現代信息(xi)技術，可以(yi)(yi)有(you)效提高圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)完整性(xing)和(he)(he)準(zhun)確性(xing)。BIM技術能夠實(shi)現多專(zhuan)業(ye)協(xie)同設計(ji)，自動檢測(ce)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)突，減少(shao)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錯誤和(he)(he)遺(yi)漏，提高圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)。

2）設計規范遵守問題的解(jie)決措施

設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)建立(li)健(jian)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)內部質(zhi)量管(guan)理體系，確(que)保(bao)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)熟悉并嚴格遵守(shou)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)標(biao)準。這包括定期組織(zhi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)培訓，更(geng)新設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)知識(shi)庫，以及(ji)建立(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)使用指南，指導設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)正(zheng)確(que)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)。審查(cha)(cha)人員(yuan)在(zai)審查(cha)(cha)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)具(ju)備深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)專業知識(shi)和(he)(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐經驗，能夠準確(que)識(shi)別設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)不符合規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方。審查(cha)(cha)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)詳(xiang)細(xi)檢查(cha)(cha)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算書(shu)、結構(gou)布置(zhi)圖(tu)、構(gou)件(jian)詳(xiang)圖(tu)等(deng)，確(que)保(bao)每一項(xiang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)都符合規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)要求(qiu)。對(dui)于發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，審查(cha)(cha)人員(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)提(ti)出(chu)修(xiu)改意見，并與設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)溝通，確(que)保(bao)問題(ti)得到妥(tuo)善解決。建立(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)更(geng)新機制(zhi)也是必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)。設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)定期關(guan)注規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)新動(dong)態，及(ji)時(shi)將最新的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)要求(qiu)納入設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)審查(cha)(cha)流程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)建立(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)數(shu)據庫，方便(bian)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人員(yuan)查(cha)(cha)詢和(he)(he)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用。加(jia)強(qiang)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)與審查(cha)(cha)機構(gou)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通和(he)(he)協作(zuo)，可以提(ti)高設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)遵守(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平。設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)主動(dong)接(jie)受(shou)審查(cha)(cha)機構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導和(he)(he)建議，審查(cha)(cha)機構(gou)也應(ying)(ying)(ying)提(ti)供專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術支(zhi)持，共同推(tui)動(dong)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升。

3）施工可行性(xing)問題的解決(jue)措施

解(jie)決施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可行性(xing)問題，首先(xian)需要設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)在(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)初期就與(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)進行深入溝通，充分了解(jie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)具體條件、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術和(he)設(she)備(bei)能(neng)(neng)力。設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時應(ying)(ying)(ying)考慮施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)合理性(xing)和(he)可行性(xing)，避(bi)免(mian)采(cai)用過(guo)于(yu)復雜或(huo)特殊的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法，確(que)保設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)能(neng)(neng)夠順利實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。審查(cha)(cha)人員(yuan)在(zai)審查(cha)(cha)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)評估(gu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度，提出改進建議。這(zhe)可能(neng)(neng)包括簡化施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、調(diao)整構(gou)件尺寸或(huo)連接方(fang)(fang)(fang)式、優化施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序等。在(zai)必(bi)要時，審查(cha)(cha)人員(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)邀請施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)專家參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)審查(cha)(cha)，從施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)(shi)踐的(de)角度出發，對設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)提出專業意(yi)見(jian)。設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)建立(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可行性(xing)評估(gu)機制，對設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)進行施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模擬和(he)風險(xian)評估(gu)。通過(guo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模擬，可以預測(ce)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)遇到的(de)問題，并提前制定應(ying)(ying)(ying)對措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。風險(xian)評估(gu)則(ze)有(you)助于(yu)識別潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)風險(xian)，并采(cai)取(qu)預防措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。加(jia)強設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)協同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)也是提高(gao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可行性(xing)的(de)關(guan)鍵。設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)與(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)建立(li)(li)緊(jin)密的(de)合作(zuo)關(guan)系，共同探討施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)，確(que)保設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)意(yi)圖與(yu)(yu)(yu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)(shi)際相匹配(pei)。設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)及時響應(ying)(ying)(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)反饋，對設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)進行必(bi)要的(de)調(diao)整，以適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)實(shi)(shi)際情況。