綠建技術在綠色建筑工程中的應用

來源：建科(ke) 瀏覽：- 發布日(ri)期(qi)：2023-07-08 09:48:59

就目前而言(yan)，我國綠色建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)在修建(jian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中所(suo)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術領域(yu)多元化(hua)，如節(jie)能節(jie)水技(ji)(ji)術、節(jie)能型(xing)幕墻(qiang)技(ji)(ji)術、節(jie)能型(xing)門窗以(yi)及(ji)保(bao)溫技(ji)(ji)術等，不同技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)應(ying)用要點(dian)以(yi)及(ji)需(xu)求都具(ju)有一(yi)定差(cha)異(yi)。因此施工企(qi)業要做好分析，了解各類(lei)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)應(ying)用需(xu)求，根(gen)據(ju)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況合理選擇相應(ying)技(ji)(ji)術，切實(shi)提(ti)高綠色建(jian)筑技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)應(ying)用價(jia)值。

1、節能節水技術

隨(sui)著我國建筑(zhu)(zhu)行業的持(chi)(chi)續深入(ru)，建筑(zhu)(zhu)的高度以(yi)及(ji)規模也逐漸龐大。高層(ceng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)正式應用過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)和排水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)容易出現問(wen)題(ti)，如(ru)超壓出流(liu)，這(zhe)樣(yang)不僅會影響(xiang)大眾的正常生產，還(huan)會導致水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源出現大面積的浪費。因此在(zai)施工過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，施工企業要根據高層(ceng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)的實際情況合理利用該(gai)技術，施工企業可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)相應設施，減(jian)(jian)少系(xi)統(tong)出現問(wen)題(ti)的概(gai)率，如(ru)減(jian)(jian)壓閥、減(jian)(jian)壓孔、截(jie)流(liu)塞等，其中(zhong)(zhong)減(jian)(jian)壓閥能控制水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)流(liu)量，并且還(huan)能減(jian)(jian)少給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)出現問(wen)題(ti)的概(gai)率。減(jian)(jian)壓孔板(ban)主要是(shi)在(zai)給(gei)(gei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)配件中(zhong)(zhong)應用，能將剩余水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓進行處理，通(tong)過(guo)降壓的方式讓(rang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)的壓力保(bao)持(chi)(chi)平衡，避免出現水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源浪費。

目前而(er)(er)(er)言，該(gai)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際應用(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)已經形(xing)成了較(jiao)為(wei)嚴格的(de)(de)標(biao)準，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術較(jiao)為(wei)成熟，因此越來越多的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)開展(zhan)高層建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)時會(hui)利用(yong)(yong)該(gai)系統完成給排水(shui)作(zuo)業(ye)。該(gai)設(she)備(bei)雖然能調(diao)整(zheng)系統中(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際應用(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)不穩定性，如果高層建(jian)(jian)筑所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)區域的(de)(de)水(shui)質較(jiao)差，在(zai)(zai)(zai)應用(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)板(ban)容易被其(qi)余物質堵塞，所(suo)以(yi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)應用(yong)(yong)該(gai)設(she)備(bei)之(zhi)前要做(zuo)好檢驗(yan)，了解建(jian)(jian)筑周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)水(shui)質情況，明確(que)其(qi)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)，進而(er)(er)(er)發揮該(gai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)與優(you)勢，讓(rang)節(jie)能節(jie)水(shui)技術得到(dao)大(da)幅度(du)提升。而(er)(er)(er)截(jie)流塞運行原理與減壓(ya)(ya)孔(kong)(kong)板(ban)大(da)致(zhi)相(xiang)同，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)安(an)裝區域主要是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)配件和小管(guan)徑，該(gai)設(she)備(bei)能調(diao)節(jie)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)，避(bi)免在(zai)(zai)(zai)供(gong)水(shui)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)系統出(chu)現(xian)(xian)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)不均衡的(de)(de)情況，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)幅度(du)保障大(da)眾的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)質量(liang)，減少水(shui)資源出(chu)現(xian)(xian)浪費的(de)(de)概率。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，還要對龍頭引起重視，企(qi)業(ye)需要選擇節(jie)水(shui)型龍頭，節(jie)水(shui)型龍頭能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)控制超(chao)出(chu)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，讓(rang)水(shui)流更加平緩，進而(er)(er)(er)實現(xian)(xian)節(jie)水(shui)效(xiao)(xiao)果。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)超(chao)標(biao)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)水(shui)點配備(bei)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)龍頭，進而(er)(er)(er)發揮節(jie)水(shui)龍頭的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

2、節能型建筑幕墻設計

在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)具有(you)美(mei)化功能，主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)將外(wai)(wai)表較為(wei)(wei)單一(yi)的(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)，按照建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)功能調整風格。通常情(qing)況下，是(shi)(shi)由板(ban)材和(he)支撐結(jie)構(gou)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)成(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)支撐結(jie)構(gou)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)到(dao)承(cheng)載作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，能將外(wai)(wai)部的(de)荷載力(li)全面(mian)承(cheng)接，避免(mian)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)位移(yi)情(qing)況，而(er)(er)面(mian)板(ban)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)到(dao)保(bao)溫(wen)與(yu)(yu)美(mei)觀作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。如(ru)(ru)今我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行業(ye)(ye)的(de)持續發展(zhan)，大(da)眾對(dui)于(yu)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)要求也在(zai)(zai)逐漸提升，幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)作為(wei)(wei)整體(ti)性(xing)(xing)結(jie)構(gou)，具有(you)較強的(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)和(he)支撐性(xing)(xing)，不僅能承(cheng)載建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)內部的(de)荷載力(li)，還會(hui)(hui)(hui)對(dui)外(wai)(wai)部風力(li)產生抵御作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，讓(rang)其(qi)(qi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)力(li)分散，避免(mian)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)產生影響導致建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能下降(jiang)。在(zai)(zai)綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技術中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)工企(qi)業(ye)(ye)不僅要保(bao)證(zheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)自身作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，還要擴大(da)其(qi)(qi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，讓(rang)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)承(cheng)受一(yi)定范圍以(yi)內的(de)變形幅度，進(jin)而(er)(er)避免(mian)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)力(li)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)出現(xian)位移(yi)。就目前而(er)(er)言，我(wo)國(guo)節(jie)能型建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)以(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)體(ti)為(wei)(wei)依據單獨修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，具有(you)一(yi)定的(de)獨立性(xing)(xing)，雖然會(hui)(hui)(hui)相輔(fu)相成(cheng)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不會(hui)(hui)(hui)互相產生支撐力(li)，因此即(ji)使(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)受到(dao)破壞(huai)以(yi)后(hou)，其(qi)(qi)內部結(jie)構(gou)也不會(hui)(hui)(hui)受到(dao)影響，可(ke)以(yi)大(da)幅度降(jiang)低建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)維(wei)修(xiu)成(cheng)本，進(jin)而(er)(er)實現(xian)綠色(se)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)目標。施(shi)工企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)設計建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)時，需要保(bao)證(zheng)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)隔絕性(xing)(xing)，并且(qie)做(zuo)好調研，了解當地的(de)地理條件，以(yi)此為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎開(kai)展(zhan)準確(que)設計，讓(rang)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)性(xing)(xing)能得(de)到(dao)大(da)幅度提升，如(ru)(ru)采(cai)光性(xing)(xing)能、節(jie)能性(xing)(xing)能。例如(ru)(ru)在(zai)(zai)炎熱(re)區域，設計人(ren)員(yuan)則要在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)幕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)之(zhi)間建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立隔熱(re)層，進(jin)而(er)(er)避免(mian)出現(xian)熱(re)輻射和(he)熱(re)效應(ying)(ying)，導致建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)內部溫(wen)度持續升高(gao)，并且(qie)保(bao)證(zheng)其(qi)(qi)通風率，讓(rang)資源能得(de)到(dao)交換，減少(shao)大(da)眾使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)空調的(de)概率，降(jiang)低設備所產生的(de)能源消(xiao)耗，提高(gao)電(dian)能的(de)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率。

3、保溫技術

目前我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)保(bao)溫技(ji)術主要分(fen)為墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)保(bao)溫和屋面保(bao)溫，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)保(bao)溫屬于(yu)綠色建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一種，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)該技(ji)術切實提(ti)高墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)保(bao)溫性能(neng)(neng)，讓(rang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)更(geng)具有(you)隔音(yin)效(xiao)果，進而為大(da)眾營造(zao)良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活環境，是建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結構保(bao)溫中(zhong)(zhong)最為重要的(de)(de)技(ji)術。在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，根(gen)據(ju)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)要求開展規(gui)范化作業(ye)(ye)，明確技(ji)術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)標準，做好調(diao)研(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，了解(jie)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)周圍的(de)(de)情況，如空氣(qi)、濕度等，進而保(bao)證(zheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)修建(jian)水平，讓(rang)保(bao)溫材料(liao)得到(dao)充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)。如果在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)綜合(he)考慮外(wai)界(jie)因素，會(hui)導致保(bao)溫材料(liao)的(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)下降，嚴重影響(xiang)保(bao)溫技(ji)術，并(bing)且該技(ji)術還能(neng)(neng)在其(qi)余(yu)環節開展應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)，可(ke)以大(da)幅度提(ti)高建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)防水性能(neng)(neng)以及防潮性能(neng)(neng)，延長建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。除此以外(wai)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)該根(gen)據(ju)天氣(qi)溫度，合(he)理選擇相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)保(bao)溫技(ji)術，例如在北方沿(yan)海區域，需使(shi)用(yong)(yong)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)熱橋技(ji)術，該技(ji)術可(ke)以切實提(ti)高外(wai)界(jie)的(de)(de)保(bao)溫性能(neng)(neng)，通過熱橋效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)達到(dao)保(bao)溫水平，進而提(ti)高該技(ji)術的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果。

施工(gong)企業在(zai)施工(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中要保(bao)(bao)證其基(ji)底(di)的(de)(de)完整(zheng)性(xing)，讓材(cai)(cai)料性(xing)能(neng)(neng)符(fu)合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，做好清(qing)潔工(gong)作(zuo)，確保(bao)(bao)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)干凈度(du)和整(zheng)齊度(du)。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)技術主要是應用在(zai)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面區(qu)域，可以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，讓吸(xi)水(shui)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)符(fu)合(he)工(gong)程(cheng)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。施工(gong)企業選擇屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料時，結合(he)各種因素開(kai)展綜合(he)考慮，保(bao)(bao)證材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)隔熱性(xing)能(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)及吸(xi)附性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，具體作(zuo)業過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)防(fang)水(shui)層和屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面板(ban)區(qu)域安(an)裝相應的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料，嚴格按(an)照相應工(gong)序，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)不同技術方(fang)式進行鋪裝。施工(gong)企業在(zai)應用正鋪法時可以(yi)(yi)先(xian)按(an)照防(fang)水(shui)層、保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層以(yi)(yi)及屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面板(ban)的(de)(de)順序開(kai)展作(zuo)業，而反鋪法則相反，需(xu)將防(fang)水(shui)層放置(zhi)到保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)層上方(fang)。