人防暖通系統設計中的常見問題應對措施

來(lai)源：建(jian)科(ke) 瀏覽：- 發布日期：2023-02-04 08:48:10

設(she)(she)計人防(fang)暖(nuan)通計劃非常重要(yao)，必須根據實際情(qing)況制定(ding)解決戰(zhan)略，為今后(hou)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)計劃設(she)(she)計提供有利條件，并保持整個國(guo)防(fang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項目的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。因此(ci)，在(zai)人防(fang)暖(nuan)通設(she)(she)計中，要(yao)合理進行建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，同時考(kao)慮(lv)到有關建(jian)(jian)筑物的(de)(de)特點，有效保護中國(guo)抗御空襲的(de)(de)能力。

1、加(jia)強人防(fang)工(gong)程通風的有(you)效(xiao)設計

首先，在(zai)戰(zhan)時，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)防類(lei)工(gong)程的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)一般(ban)分為(wei)三種通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)模式，即清(qing)潔通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)、有(you)毒(du)過濾(lv)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)和(he)隔離通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)應考慮(lv)到戰(zhan)時室(shi)內工(gong)作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)新(xin)空(kong)(kong)氣量(liang)，不得(de)重復。第(di)二、如果人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)防工(gong)程的(de)(de)氣流設(she)計(ji)(ji)超過了濾(lv)毒(du)罐的(de)(de)額定風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)，那么(me)該設(she)計(ji)(ji)違反了防空(kong)(kong)地(di)下(xia)室(shi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)相關規范，無法有(you)效保證戰(zhan)時的(de)(de)濾(lv)毒(du)效果，因此空(kong)(kong)氣量(liang)最后，必須將(jiang)排煙(yan)管道直接安裝在(zai)防彈墻(qiang)面上(shang)。建筑專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)在(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過程中(zhong)，要實現合(he)理設(she)計(ji)(ji)，保證排煙(yan)管道能卡在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)防門的(de)(de)天花(hua)板上(shang)，兩側要用(yong)法蘭連接和(he)相關標志連接。大(da)多數人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)保護(hu)工(gong)作都是在(zai)地(di)下(xia)室(shi)進行的(de)(de)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)用(yong)作車(che)庫或停(ting)車(che)場，在(zai)戰(zhan)爭期間可以成(cheng)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們的(de)(de)庇護(hu)所。為(wei)了減少有(you)關水井和(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)室(shi)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)間占用(yong)，有(you)關設(she)計(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)應考慮(lv)在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)防工(gong)程通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，盡(jin)可能利(li)用(yong)戰(zhan)時綜合(he)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)統，既節省工(gong)程費(fei)用(yong)，又減少轉換量(liang)。

2、油(you)網過濾器(qi)前(qian)后(hou)均需要設計測(ce)壓(ya)管

二次輸入前后(hou)濾(lv)(lv)波器的設計(ji)(ji)表明，有(you)(you)(you)些地方(fang)沒有(you)(you)(you)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)壓(ya)力(li)(li)表，使(shi)人們無法準(zhun)確了(le)(le)解濾(lv)(lv)波器的工(gong)作原理(li)。如(ru)果濾(lv)(lv)油(you)器強度(du)大于標準(zhun)值，將(jiang)對整個系統產生很(hen)大影響。因此，在(zai)設計(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)程中，有(you)(you)(you)必要(yao)在(zai)高強度(du)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置中引入壓(ya)力(li)(li)監測(ce)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，并(bing)在(zai)濾(lv)(lv)油(you)器前后(hou)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)壓(ya)力(li)(li)計(ji)(ji)數器，以便事先了(le)(le)解室外(wai)空氣的放射性。同時，有(you)(you)(you)必要(yao)設計(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)吸收(shou)器后(hou)廢(fei)氣監測(ce)程序，確保過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)器始終工(gong)作正常，防(fang)人員通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)標準(zhun)符(fu)合實際(ji)要(yao)求。

3、人防(fang)過濾吸收器兩臺型號應處于相同狀態

在執行設(she)計(ji)(ji)任務(wu)時，工(gong)作人(ren)員可以計(ji)(ji)算(suan)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)出(chu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)物質的(de)(de)分(fen)類，并確(que)定哪種吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)符合(he)使用(yong)條件。事(shi)實上，過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)使用(yong)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)應大(da)于(yu)有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)通(tong)風(feng)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)，同(tong)時避免(mian)影(ying)響(xiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)平(ping)衡特性。例如(ru)，在人(ren)防類工(gong)程設(she)計(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)通(tong)風(feng)分(fen)別(bie)為500m3/h和1000m3/h，這兩種通(tong)風(feng)方式都(dou)符合(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)工(gong)程要求。但是，根據(ju)國(guo)家(jia)工(gong)程和工(gong)程技術措施(shi)，過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)必須根據(ju)戰時有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)和通(tong)風(feng)的(de)(de)新空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)確(que)定。一般(ban)來(lai)說，過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)額定空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)不應低于(yu)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以免(mian)在過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)通(tong)風(feng)時出(chu)現有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)滲透問(wen)題(ti)。如(ru)果過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)兩個，則(ze)應確(que)保同(tong)一類型的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)同(tong)并平(ping)行連接，使每個過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)等，且不會因過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)量(liang)(liang)差異(yi)較大(da)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。

4、應用單風(feng)機系統清(qing)潔(jie)通風(feng)管(guan)(guan)路時，管(guan)(guan)路中應設置(zhi)增壓管(guan)(guan)

這種送風(feng)(feng)(feng)操作(zuo)主要(yao)由(you)一(yi)個風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇進行(xing)(xing)，即實(shi)際和(he)定期的通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)由(you)同一(yi)個風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇進行(xing)(xing)，但在防(fang)中毒過濾室和(he)空(kong)氣室的清(qing)潔空(kong)氣管路中，人員覆蓋區內沒有增壓管，因而應注(zhu)意的是，如果使用(yong)單風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇和(he)雙(shuang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇系(xi)統，則在設置(zhi)防(fang)毒藥過濾器液位時，必須增加所需的管道數量(liang)。在現階段，必須設計通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)統，以(yi)提高效率，避免分配其他任務。