建筑設計人員需加強新材料、新技術的應用

來(lai)源：建科(ke) 瀏覽：- 發布(bu)日期：2022-11-08 09:57:20

現代建筑設計已(yi)經不(bu)僅僅是滿(man)足(zu)基本的(de)(de)生活工作(zuo)需(xu)求，同時(shi)要(yao)尊重(zhong)用(yong)戶藝術、安(an)全(quan)、質量等(deng)多方面的(de)(de)要(yao)求。新(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和新(xin)技(ji)術的(de)(de)應用(yong)能夠從很大程度上提升建筑的(de)(de)產品(pin)功(gong)能，有助(zhu)于滿(man)足(zu)用(yong)戶需(xu)求，為此，建筑設計人員(yuan)要(yao)加強新(xin)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、新(xin)技(ji)術的(de)(de)應用(yong)。

1、新材料在(zai)建筑設計(ji)中的應用

1）通風設計材料(liao)

建筑的(de)朝向(xiang)、通風(feng)(feng)等情況是(shi)居住和(he)辦公環境設計(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)重點考慮的(de)問題，尤其是(shi)通風(feng)(feng)，對建筑內部(bu)的(de)空(kong)氣質量、空(kong)氣環境等都會(hui)產生(sheng)較大的(de)影(ying)響，建筑設計(ji)(ji)(ji)中重要(yao)(yao)環節之(zhi)一就(jiu)是(shi)通風(feng)(feng)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)。此時，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)將(jiang)通風(feng)(feng)新(xin)材料的(de)優勢充分發揮出來，將(jiang)通風(feng)(feng)系統(tong)的(de)合理性(xing)提(ti)升。在(zai)建筑通風(feng)(feng)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)中，可(ke)以做好新(xin)型(xing)門窗開關位置的(de)選擇，在(zai)保證(zheng)空(kong)氣循環效(xiao)果的(de)同時盡量將(jiang)氣流壓力減小，將(jiang)居民(min)生(sheng)活品質提(ti)升。

2）新(xin)型保溫材(cai)料的應(ying)用

基于當(dang)前建(jian)筑(zhu)工程項目(mu)(mu)面臨的(de)(de)更高(gao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)訴求，注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)恰當(dang)選用(yong)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)同樣極為(wei)關(guan)鍵，這也(ye)(ye)是(shi)提升建(jian)筑(zhu)物節(jie)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)益的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)路徑(jing)。現階段建(jian)筑(zhu)工程中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)供選用(yong)的(de)(de)新型保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)，不(bu)(bu)僅僅能(neng)(neng)夠實現隔(ge)熱(re)(re)性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)優化，往往還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)體現生態環保(bao)效(xiao)(xiao)益，應(ying)該引(yin)起建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)高(gao)度關(guan)注(zhu)。雖然(ran)傳統(tong)建(jian)筑(zhu)工程項目(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)巖棉板(ban)、泡沫水泥板(ban)及酚(fen)醛樹脂板(ban)等保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)也(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)夠發(fa)揮(hui)出一(yi)定的(de)(de)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)隔(ge)熱(re)(re)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，但是(shi)在(zai)實際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)同樣也(ye)(ye)存在(zai)著一(yi)些不(bu)(bu)足(zu)和(he)缺陷，比如(ru)耐(nai)火性不(bu)(bu)高(gao)或(huo)者是(shi)經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益不(bu)(bu)理想(xiang)等，成為(wei)制約其廣泛應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)原因。基于此，在(zai)現階段建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)靈活運用(yong)一(yi)些新型保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，比如(ru)STP板(ban)或(huo)者是(shi)復合保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)砌塊等，都(dou)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)建(jian)筑(zhu)物墻體保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)隔(ge)熱(re)(re)方面發(fa)揮(hui)更強的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)價值，耐(nai)火性及耐(nai)久(jiu)性也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)得(de)到(dao)良好保(bao)障，它已經(jing)逐步取(qu)代了(le)傳統(tong)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，越(yue)來越(yue)受(shou)關(guan)注(zhu)。

3）石膏砌塊材(cai)料的應用

石(shi)膏(gao)砌(qi)(qi)塊(kuai)材(cai)料是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工業副(fu)產品石(shi)膏(gao)加工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砌(qi)(qi)塊(kuai)材(cai)料，其(qi)具(ju)備(bei)可循環(huan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，而且(qie)重量輕、尺寸穩(wen)定、防(fang)火阻(zu)燃性能(neng)佳，因此(ci)，逐步成為(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱點新(xin)材(cai)料。此(ci)外，石(shi)膏(gao)砌(qi)(qi)塊(kuai)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導熱性能(neng)與木材(cai)相似，并具(ju)備(bei)毛(mao)細結(jie)構(gou)，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)吸附存儲空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水分，再根據濕度(du)變(bian)化情況，進行水分釋放，以(yi)(yi)維持建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物內部空(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舒適度(du)。在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)膏(gao)砌(qi)(qi)塊(kuai)材(cai)料規格為(wei)(wei)長(chang)600mm、高(gao)500mm、寬60～200mm，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，寬60mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)膏(gao)砌(qi)(qi)塊(kuai)只能(neng)被用(yong)(yong)(yong)作存在隔(ge)音要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管道井壁建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，或將其(qi)與其(qi)他厚度(du)砌(qi)(qi)塊(kuai)，共(gong)同設(she)(she)計(ji)為(wei)(wei)隔(ge)墻(qiang)結(jie)構(gou)，但禁止將其(qi)單獨(du)設(she)(she)計(ji)為(wei)(wei)隔(ge)墻(qiang)材(cai)料，以(yi)(yi)保證隔(ge)墻(qiang)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性。若遇到濕度(du)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)長(chang)期達到90%以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)空(kong)間(jian)，設(she)(she)計(ji)者則應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)防(fang)潮砌(qi)(qi)塊(kuai)，并為(wei)(wei)其(qi)設(she)(she)計(ji)配套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水方案(an)，以(yi)(yi)保證設(she)(she)計(ji)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體效果。

2、新技術在建筑設計中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)

1）智能(neng)控制技術(shu)的應用

伴隨著(zhu)當(dang)前(qian)我(wo)國智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)及(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)不斷發展(zhan)(zhan)，在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行(xing)業中(zhong)同(tong)樣(yang)表現(xian)(xian)出(chu)了明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)優(you)勢，將這(zhe)些智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)手段合(he)理引入建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項目，成為(wei)未(wei)來發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)(yao)趨勢，也是當(dang)前(qian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)方案(an)中(zhong)比較核心的(de)一(yi)(yi)環。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用而(er)言，其(qi)最為(wei)核心的(de)價值和(he)(he)目的(de)就是較好地實現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)室(shi)內(nei)(nei)環境(jing)的(de)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)調(diao)節(jie)，進(jin)而(er)營(ying)造更為(wei)符(fu)合(he)居住者要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)室(shi)內(nei)(nei)空間(jian)，體(ti)現(xian)(xian)更強的(de)便捷性和(he)(he)宜(yi)居性。現(xian)(xian)階段建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)項目中(zhong)越來越多的(de)各(ge)類電氣設(she)(she)施及(ji)(ji)電氣系統(tong)(tong)(tong)，就可(ke)以(yi)借助于(yu)(yu)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)予以(yi)優(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，提升操作控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)靈活度(du)，可(ke)以(yi)根據室(shi)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)環境(jing)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)因素進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)(hua)(hua)調(diao)整，以(yi)此滿足人們(men)的(de)多方面(mian)訴(su)求(qiu)，解決室(shi)內(nei)(nei)空間(jian)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)不合(he)理問題(ti)。比如建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)照明(ming)(ming)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)方案(an)中(zhong)積(ji)極引入智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠較好地實現(xian)(xian)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)照明(ming)(ming)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)動化(hua)(hua)(hua)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)，在(zai)(zai)照明(ming)(ming)強度(du)及(ji)(ji)時間(jian)方面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)合(he)理調(diao)度(du)，不僅要(yao)(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠滿足人們(men)正常照明(ming)(ming)需(xu)求(qiu)，還可(ke)以(yi)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效益。當(dang)然，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)的(de)應用需(xu)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)計(ji)人員重點(dian)圍繞弱(ruo)電系統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行(xing)充分(fen)研究，確保弱(ruo)電系統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠更好地協(xie)同(tong)各(ge)個(ge)相(xiang)關系統(tong)(tong)(tong)發揮應有調(diao)控(kong)(kong)作用，避免其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)環出(chu)現(xian)(xian)細微(wei)偏差。

2）環保技術的應用

在(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，環(huan)保技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)旨在(zai)提高建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑材料的(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率，增強建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。在(zai)此(ci)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，環(huan)保技術(shu)在(zai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)主要體現在(zai)保溫節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)保溫節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)方面，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者通過改(gai)善建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)整體的(de)(de)(de)通風(feng)、采光結構，來降(jiang)低(di)溫度散失量(liang)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠幫助(zhu)使用(yong)(yong)者減(jian)少(shao)為了維持室內(nei)溫度恒定而(er)消(xiao)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)，達到環(huan)保的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)方面，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者通過在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑結構中(zhong)加(jia)裝新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)裝置，并設(she)置配(pei)套的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應設(she)施(shi)(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現用(yong)(yong)清潔新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，代替(ti)一部(bu)分傳統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，來支(zhi)持建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)內(nei)部(bu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行，落實(shi)環(huan)保建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)技術(shu)。以(yi)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為例，在(zai)該(gai)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者會將(jiang)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)光伏(fu)發(fa)電板，設(she)置在(zai)屋頂(ding)上，然后將(jiang)光伏(fu)電力(li)接入供電設(she)施(shi)(shi)處(chu)，以(yi)使用(yong)(yong)光伏(fu)發(fa)電電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，為建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)供暖(nuan)、制冷(leng)提供能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)節(jie)省(sheng)大(da)量(liang)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)火力(li)發(fa)電電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，減(jian)少(shao)煤炭的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)耗(hao)，降(jiang)低(di)環(huan)境污染，有助(zhu)于建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)領域的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)持續發(fa)展。