裝配式建筑的特征

來源：建科 瀏覽：- 發布日(ri)期：2024-11-04 08:55:10

伴隨著(zhu)我國(guo)經濟的(de)(de)(de)高速發展，各種制造業技(ji)術(shu)日趨成(cheng)熟，裝配(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)已然悄悄進入了人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)視線(xian)。裝配(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)極大(da)地減少了施工現(xian)場的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)力成(cheng)本(ben)，避免(mian)了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材料的(de)(de)(de)浪費，大(da)大(da)提高了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造速度，有效縮(suo)短了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工周期，提高了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)產品的(de)(de)(de)品質，加速了現(xian)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新和發展。下面廣東建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)科設(she)計(ji)淺談一下裝配(pei)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)：

1、裝配式建筑的構件標準化

傳統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)是(shi)非(fei)標準(zhun)化(hua)，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)基(ji)本都是(shi)為各自的(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)量身定做，且大(da)(da)多為現(xian)場(chang)定制，一次(ci)成型，成為主體(ti)(ti)(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)不可分(fen)割(ge)的(de)(de)(de)一部分(fen)。而(er)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)則不同，它要(yao)求建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)可重(zhong)復(fu)使(shi)用(yong)，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)能夠隨時(shi)被拆卸和替換，因此在(zai)同一個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)會出現(xian)無(wu)數個(ge)(ge)相同的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)，所以構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)化(hua)是(shi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心特(te)征(zheng)。如(ru)傳統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)樓(lou)梯(ti)多采用(yong)現(xian)場(chang)現(xian)澆制作，對于樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)較(jiao)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)來(lai)說，這(zhe)種構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)法(fa)比較(jiao)簡單(dan)，但是(shi)如(ru)果建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有幾(ji)十層(ceng)(ceng)乃至(zhi)上(shang)百層(ceng)(ceng)，這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)就略顯笨(ben)拙。而(er)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)標準(zhun)化(hua)就可以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)效率(lv)，工(gong)廠可以根(gen)據(ju)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)師的(de)(de)(de)設計圖紙大(da)(da)規模批量生產出樓(lou)梯(ti)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)，運(yun)送(song)到現(xian)場(chang)直接(jie)安裝(zhuang)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短了(le)(le)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)期。如(ru)傳統(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)墻體(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)本都是(shi)采用(yong)加(jia)氣混凝(ning)土砌塊(kuai)，由建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)人一塊(kuai)塊(kuai)人工(gong)砌筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，施(shi)工(gong)時(shi)間長(chang)，重(zhong)復(fu)工(gong)作量大(da)(da)且效率(lv)低下。而(er)裝(zhuang)配(pei)式的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)件(jian)(jian)標準(zhun)化(hua)則可以實(shi)現(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻體(ti)(ti)(ti)一體(ti)(ti)(ti)化(hua)，只需要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)工(gong)廠生產出單(dan)個(ge)(ge)樓(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)墻體(ti)(ti)(ti)，然后(hou)直接(jie)在(zai)現(xian)場(chang)組裝(zhuang)即可，不僅堅(jian)固而(er)且美觀。

2、裝配式建筑的設計多樣化

對傳(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)而言，由于(yu)施(shi)工工藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差，給(gei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式帶了(le)(le)極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制。大多(duo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形體都(dou)規規矩矩，四(si)平八穩，使(shi)得我們(men)眼前出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)是(shi)千篇一(yi)律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)孔，失去了(le)(le)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)機。裝配(pei)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現，讓建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)師(shi)放開(kai)了(le)(le)手腳，敢于(yu)設計那些他(ta)們(men)以(yi)前不(bu)敢設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形式，給(gei)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)換上(shang)了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妝容，為城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)活(huo)注入了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)力。因(yin)為裝配(pei)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構件(jian)(jian)標準化使(shi)得建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)更加精細化，通過電腦模(mo)擬施(shi)工，3D打印技術(shu)(shu)，工廠(chang)精細化生(sheng)產，構件(jian)(jian)與(yu)構件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接實現了(le)(le)零誤差，從(cong)而讓各種形式復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形態不(bu)再(zai)是(shi)紙(zhi)上(shang)談(tan)兵(bing)。隨著裝配(pei)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)趨成熟，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)作品色(se)彩紛呈，百(bai)花齊(qi)放，我們(men)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)多(duo)了(le)(le)輕盈(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋頂，少了(le)(le)千人一(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)街景(jing)，多(duo)了(le)(le)富有(you)質感和(he)肌理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墻面(mian)(mian)(mian)，少了(le)(le)清一(yi)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真石漆，越來越多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志性(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)屹立(li)在城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心(xin)，成為我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)中一(yi)道亮(liang)麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風景(jing)。

3、裝配式建筑施工流程化

傳(chuan)統建筑的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)基(ji)(ji)本由(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)來(lai)完成，從拿到(dao)設計圖(tu)紙開(kai)(kai)始，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)便開(kai)(kai)始準備施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，首先他們閱讀(du)圖(tu)紙，熟悉圖(tu)紙后(hou)(hou)，然后(hou)(hou)開(kai)(kai)始按照傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)序，一步步施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)完成一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)部(bu)(bu)分再(zai)來(lai)熟悉下一個部(bu)(bu)分，因此不(bu)可(ke)避免會出(chu)現一些紕漏(lou)，導(dao)致工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)返工(gong)(gong)(gong)。而裝配式(shi)建筑要(yao)求，建筑師的(de)(de)設計圖(tu)紙完成后(hou)(hou)，先通(tong)過3D打(da)印技術進(jin)行施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)的(de)(de)檢驗，有(you)問題(ti)及時(shi)調整數據，沒有(you)問題(ti)后(hou)(hou)將圖(tu)紙發送(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)進(jin)行批量(liang)生產。構(gou)件生產完成后(hou)(hou)直接(jie)送(song)往(wang)現場組裝。而工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)只需像拼(pin)積(ji)木(mu)一樣，把(ba)構(gou)件拼(pin)好即可(ke)，基(ji)(ji)本可(ke)以做到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)零誤差。不(bu)僅(jin)少去很多(duo)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)返工(gong)(gong)(gong)，大大節省(sheng)了時(shi)間，同時(shi)優化了項(xiang)目的(de)(de)管理機制(zhi)，有(you)效(xiao)掌控(kong)了現場的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度，提高了生產效(xiao)率，實現了設計到(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)流(liu)程(cheng)化控(kong)制(zhi)。